2025.emnlp-main.1147@ACL

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#1 Internal Chain-of-Thought: Empirical Evidence for Layer‐wise Subtask Scheduling in LLMs [PDF] [Copy] [Kimi1] [REL]

Authors: Zhipeng Yang, Junzhuo Li, Siyu Xia, Xuming Hu

We show that large language models (LLMs) exhibit an internal chain-of-thought: they sequentially decompose and execute composite tasks layer-by-layer. Two claims ground our study: (i) distinct subtasks are learned at different network depths, and (ii) these subtasks are executed sequentially across layers. On a benchmark of 15 two-step composite tasks, we employ layer-from context-masking and propose a novel cross-task patching method, confirming (i). To examine claim (ii), we apply LogitLens to decode hidden states, revealing a consistent layerwise execution pattern. We further replicate our analysis on the real-world TRACE benchmark, observing the same stepwise dynamics. Together, our results enhance LLMs transparency by showing their capacity to internally plan and execute subtasks (or instructions), opening avenues for fine-grained, instruction-level activation steering.

Subject: EMNLP.2025 - Main