2025.findings-emnlp.664@ACL

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#1 Dialectal Toxicity Detection: Evaluating LLM-as-a-Judge Consistency Across Language Varieties [PDF] [Copy] [Kimi] [REL]

Authors: Fahim Faisal, Md Mushfiqur Rahman, Antonios Anastasopoulos

There has been little systematic study on how dialectal differences affect toxicity detection by modern LLMs. Furthermore, although using LLMs as evaluators (“LLM-as-a-judge”) is a growing research area, their sensitivity to dialectal nuances is still underexplored and requires more focused attention. In this paper, we address these gaps through a comprehensive toxicity evaluation of LLMs across diverse dialects. We create a multi-dialect dataset through synthetic transformations and human-assisted translations, covering 10 language clusters and 60 varieties. We then evaluate five LLMs on their ability to assess toxicity, measuring multilingual, dialectal, and LLM-human consistency. Our findings show that LLMs are sensitive to both dialectal shifts and low-resource multilingual variation, though the most persistent challenge remains aligning their predictions with human judgments.

Subject: EMNLP.2025 - Findings