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Conversational AI agents are envisioned to provide social support or functional service to human users via natural language interactions. The popularity of conversational AI has grown unprecedentedly with the advent of ChatGPT, which showcases exceptional proficiency in the capabilities of context understanding and response generation with large language models (LLMs). However, typical conversational systems are built to follow instructions, which means that the conversation is led by the user, and the system simply follows the user’s instructions or intents. My research endows the conversational AI with the capabilities of creating or controlling the conversation to achieve the conversational goals by taking initiative and anticipating impacts on themselves or human users, namely Proactive Conversational AI. I will also highlight the importance of moving towards building human-centered proactive conversational AI that emphasize human needs and expectations, and that considers ethical and social implications of these agents, rather than solely focusing on technological capabilities.