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In recent years, skeleton-based action recognition has gained significant attention due to its robustness in varying environmental conditions. However, most existing methods struggle to distinguish fine-grained actions due to subtle motion features, minimal inter-class variation, and they often fail to consider the underlying similarity relationships between action classes. To address these limitations, we propose a Hierarchical-aware Orthogonal Disentanglement framework (HiOD). We disentangle coarse-grained and fine-grained features by employing independent spatial-temporal granularity-aware bases, which encode semantic representations at varying levels of granularity. Additionally, we design a cross-granularity feature interaction mechanism that leverages complementary information between coarse-grained and fine-grained features. We further enhance the learning process through hierarchical prototype contrastive learning, which utilizes the parent class hierarchy to guide the learning of coarse-grained features while ensuring the distinguishability of fine-grained features within child classes. Extensive experiments on FineGYM, FSD-10, NTU RGB+D, and NTU RGB+D 120 datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method in fine-grained action recognition tasks.