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Grapheme based mono-, cross- and bilingual speech recognition of Czech and Slovak is presented in the paper. The training and testing procedures follow the MASPER initiative that was formed as a part of the COST 278 Action. All experiments were performed using Czech and Slovak SpeechDat-E databases. Grapheme-based models gave equivalent recognition performance compared to phoneme-based models in monolingual as well as bilingual case. Moreover bilingual SK-CZ speech recognition is equivalent to monolingual recognition, which indicates the possibility to share Czech and Slovak speech data for training bilingual grapheme-based acoustic models usable for recognition of Slovak as well as Czech. Also the promising results confirmed the presumption, that languages with a close graphemeto- phoneme relation are well suited for grapheme-based speech recognition.