radsee-see-your-handwriting-through-walls-using-fmcw-radar@NDSS

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#1 RadSee: See Your Handwriting Through Walls Using FMCW Radar [PDF1] [Copy] [Kimi1] [REL]

Authors: Shichen Zhang, Qijun Wang, Maolin Gan, Zhichao Cao, Huacheng Zeng

This paper aims to design and implement a radio device capable of detecting a person's handwriting through a wall. Although there is extensive research on radio frequency (RF) based human activity recognition, this task is particularly challenging due to the textit{through-wall} requirement and the textit{tiny-scale} handwriting movements. To address these challenges, we present RadSee---a 6 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system designed for detecting handwriting content behind a wall. RadSee is realized through a joint hardware and software design. On the hardware side, RadSee features a 6 GHz FMCW radar device equipped with two custom-designed, high-gain patch antennas. These two antennas provide a sufficient link power budget, allowing RadSee to "see'' through most walls with a small transmission power. On the software side, RadSee extracts effective phase features corresponding to the writer's hand movements and employs a bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) model with an attention mechanism to classify handwriting letters. As a result, RadSee can detect millimeter-level handwriting movements and recognize most letters based on their unique phase patterns. Additionally, it is resilient to interference from other moving objects and in-band radio devices. We have built a prototype of RadSee and evaluated its performance in various scenarios. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that RadSee achieves 75% letter recognition accuracy when victims write 62 random letters, and 87% word recognition accuracy when they write articles.

Subject: NDSS.2025 - Summer