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We examined whether distinct forms of bilingual language use are differentially associated with executive function (EF) in young adults. Shifting, working memory, and inhibition were modelled as correlated latent variables. Motivations for code-switching were derived via exploratory factor analysis. Overall switching frequency was unrelated to EF. Lexically motivated switching was positively associated with updating and inhibition, whereas frequent language brokering was negatively associated with these domains. Results suggest that associations between bilingual speech and EF depend on communicative function rather than switching frequency alone.